Hepatocellular carcinoma, or liver cancer, originates in the cells of the liver. It is a severe condition requiring immediate attention from a health professional. However, it can be challenging to diagnose liver cancer since one may not have visible symptoms in the early stages. Thus, one should be aware of the symptoms and causes of liver cancer to ensure a timely diagnosis. One must also know about existing therapies and treatments, especially if at risk.

Symptoms of liver cancer
Early-stage liver cancer may not exhibit noticeable symptoms. As the disease progresses, individuals might experience:

Abdominal pain or discomfort
Liver cancer can cause pain or a dull ache in the upper right portion of the abdomen. As the tumor grows, it may press against nerves or other organs, leading to discomfort.
Jaundice (Yellowing of skin and eyes)
Liver cancer can obstruct the bile ducts, leading to a buildup of bilirubin in the bloodstream. This buildup causes yellowing of the skin and the eyes’ whites (jaundice). Dark urine and pale stools can also occur due to bilirubin buildup.
Unintended loss in body mass
Cancer, including liver cancer, can cause unanticipated fat loss without food or exercise changes. This change may occur due to the body’s increased metabolic demands as it fights the disease.
Loss of appetite and fatigue
People who have liver cancer may lose their appetite and feel full even after eating just a little bit of food. Fatigue, weakness, and a general sense of tiredness may also be present due to the body’s response to the cancer.
Swelling in the abdomen (Ascites)
Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen (ascites) can result from liver cancer. This may cause abdominal swelling or bloating, leading to discomfort and feeling full.
Nausea and vomiting
Liver cancer can cause nausea and vomiting, especially if the tumor is pressing against the stomach or interfering with digestion.
Enlarged liver or spleen
In some cases, the liver may become enlarged due to the presence of cancer cells. An enlarged liver (hepatomegaly) or spleen (splenomegaly) might be detected during a physical examination.
Changes in bowel movements
Liver cancer can affect the digestive system, leading to bowel movement changes, such as constipation or diarrhea.

Causes of liver cancer
Several factors can contribute to the development of liver cancer:

Chronic liver diseases
Chronic infections with hepatitis B or C viruses, as well as conditions such as cirrhosis (scarring of the liver) due to unhealthy food regimes, are major risk factors for liver cancer.
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Liver cancer risk may be raised by fatty liver disease, which is frequently linked to being much over the acceptable BMI limit and metabolic syndrome.
Exposure to toxins
Being exposed to some chemicals or toxins for a long time, like the aflatoxins that are made by molds on badly stored nuts and grains, can raise the risk of getting liver cancer.
Genetic factors
Hereditary variables may occasionally raise the risk of liver cancer.

Treatment for liver cancer
Treatment options for liver cancer depend on various factors, including the stage of cancer, the patient’s overall health, and the dimension and location of the tumor. Treatment options may include:

Surgery
Surgical options include partial hepatectomy (removal of part of the liver) or liver transplant in cases where the cancer is confined to the liver and the patient is eligible for transplantation.
Localized treatment
These include radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, or percutaneous ethanol injection, which aims to destroy cancer cells using heat or cold.
Chemotherapy and Targeted therapy
Chemotherapy or targeted therapy aims to destroy cancer cells or slow their growth.
Immunotherapy
This treatment option helps the body’s immune system recognize and attack cancer cells.

Potential remedies and supportive care
Although no treatment can definitively cure liver cancer, except in early stages of the condition, supportive care techniques can help control symptoms and enhance quality of life:

Pain management
Pain associated with liver cancer can be effectively managed through various methods. Healthcare providers may prescribe pain remedies tailored to the individual’s needs to alleviate discomfort and improve quality of life. Palliative care specialists can also offer pain relief strategies and support.
Nutrition support
Proper nutrition is crucial for individuals with liver cancer. A registered dietitian can guide food modifications to ensure adequate nutrition despite potential appetite changes or digestive issues. Recommendations might include a well-balanced meal plan, smaller daily meals, and specific nutritional adjustments based on individual needs.
Emotional support
Coping with liver cancer can be emotionally challenging. Seeking support from counselors, therapists, support groups, or psychologists can help individuals and their families manage emotional distress, anxiety, stress, and depression that may accompany the disease. Social workers can also provide guidance and resources to assist with emotional and practical needs.
Complementary therapies
Some individuals may find relief through complementary therapies such as acupuncture, massage therapy, relaxation techniques, or mindfulness practices. These complementary therapies can help manage symptoms like pain, anxiety, and stress.
Exercise and physical activity
Engaging in light physical activity or exercises tailored to individual capabilities can contribute to overall well-being. Exercise may help improve energy levels, maintain muscle strength, and enhance mood.

In conclusion, liver cancer is a severe condition that requires comprehensive professional evaluation and treatment. Early detection, addressing underlying risk factors, and timely intervention are crucial in managing liver cancer effectively.