Atherosclerosis is a condition in which the arteries harden. Here, plaque builds up along the walls of arteries, narrowing them. As the arteries carry blood from the heart to the body, this buildup can disrupt blood flow, affecting the functioning of vital organs. Further, the plaque can burst and cause a blood clot. So, recognizing the risk factors and signs of the condition in time can help one seek appropriate treatment and prevent further complications.

Causes and risk factors
Here are a few issues that can increase the risk of developing atherosclerosis:

Elevated cholesterol: Advanced levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, also called “bad” cholesterol, can accumulate and form plaque along the artery walls. Over time, this buildup narrows the arteries, restricting blood flow.

High blood pressure: Persistent high blood pressure can damage the artery walls, making them more susceptible to the accumulation of fatty deposits.

Diabetes: Elevated blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels and accelerate the formation of plaque.

Inflammation: Persistent inflammation, such as those associated with diseases like arthritis, lupus, or psoriasis, can play a role in the development of atherosclerosis.

Genetic factors: If someone in the family has atherosclerosis or heart disease, one may be more likely to develop it.

Lifestyle factors: Lack of physical activity and unhealthy eating habits like a regimen rich in saturated fats can also contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.

Symptom
Atherosclerosis often develops silently without noticeable symptoms until it causes complications. Over time, one may observe one or more of the following signs depending on the arteries affected and the severity of the blockage

Chest pain (angina): Chest pain or discomfort, usually during physical activity or emotional stress, can be a sign of atherosclerosis. When coronary arteries narrow, the blood flow to the heart muscles can be cut off, leading to chest pain.

Shortness of breath: If arteries leading to the lungs are affected, reduced blood flow can cause shortness of breath, especially with any sort of physical exertion.

Arm or leg pain: Reduced blood flow to the arms and legs can cause pain, numbness, weakness, or a sensation of heaviness in the limbs, particularly while walking or exercising. This is known as claudication—a common sign of peripheral artery disease. While the discomfort typically develops during physical activity and improves with rest, as the condition progresses, symptoms can be observed even at rest.

Stroke: Atherosclerosis developing in the vessels that carry blood to the brain can lead to a stroke or a transient ischemic attack, which can make one feel suddenly weak, numb, slur their speech, or temporarily lose their sight.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm symptoms: Atherosclerosis affecting the aorta can lead to an abdominal aortic aneurysm. While it may not cause symptoms initially, as the aneurysm worsens, one may experience pain in the abdomen, back, or sides. A pulsating sensation in the abdomen can also be a sign of aortic enlargement.

Treatment options
Here are a few common treatment options that can help in managing atherosclerosis:

Lifestyle changes: Adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle is a key management strategy. Here are a few home remedies and lifestyle changes to consider:

• One should follow a food plan rich in vegetables, fruit, whole grains, protein-packed foods, and beneficial fats like those found in olive oil and nuts. Avoiding processed foods, saturated fats, foods, and drinks with added sugars can also help.
• Engaging in physical activity can help improve blood circulation and lower blood pressure. One can engage in mild exercise most days of the week for at least 30 minutes.
• Managing stress can improve heart health. Here, one can opt for relaxation techniques like meditation, yoga, or deep breathing exercises to lower stress levels.

Treatment of underlying conditions: Doctors may prescribe treatments to manage risk factors and underlying causes like cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, blood clots, and inflammation. Additionally, treating conditions like diabetes, hypertension, or other contributing factors helps manage atherosclerosis.

Procedures: In severe cases, procedures like angioplasty along with stent placement or surgery to bypass blocked arteries may be necessary to restore blood flow.

Additionally, one can opt for omega-3 supplements to reduce triglyceride levels. However, it is important to consult a doctor before taking any supplements. While atherosclerosis can develop silently, recognizing the risk factors can help one seek timely treatment and prevent complications like heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular issues. An early diagnosis is a key step toward managing the condition. If one believes they are at risk, one should get examined by a doctor and seek a personalized management plan.